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With a population of approximately 18,000, it forms part of the Greater Victoria urban area, and, along with 12 other municipal governments, comprises the Capital Regional District.

The municipality is bordered by the Strait of Juan de Fuca to the south, Haro Strait to the east, the District of Saanich to the north and north-west, and the City of Victoria to the south-west. Along with other adjoining bodies of water, the Strait of Juan de Fuca and Haro Strait were officially renamed the Salish Sea in 2010; however, the old names are also still in use.

The geographic coordinates are: 48°25′35″N 123°19′22″W. Oak Bay occupies an area of 10.53 km2 (4.07 sq. miles), and the population density is 1710.3 per km2

Quick facts about Oak Bay: 
- The population in 2021 was 17,990
- The average age of the population is 49.7
- There are a total of 8,168 private dwellings in Oak Bay
- Tod House, located at 2564 Heron Street, was built in 1850 and is the oldest home in Oak Bay.
- There are no gas stations in Oak Bay.
- There are more than 20 restaurants and cafes in Oak Bay.
- Oak Bay is home to three golf courses. In addition to two private golf courses, the public Henderson Golf Course, a 9-hole par-3 course, has operated since the 1970s.
- Canada’s oldest Chinese cemetery is located at Harling Point, at the end of Crescent Road. It was designated a National Historic Site in 1995 and adheres to the principles of feng shui.